A View of Views In Favor Of Making 18 the Legal Age Of Alcohol Consumption

A View of Views In Favor Of Making 18 the Legal Age Of Alcohol Consumption The United States’ current minimum drinking age is 21. This age is unrealistic due to the fact that the legal age of adulthood is 18. Drinking under the age of 21 is permitted by law in certain states under some exceptions, such as for religious practices, educational purposes, and on private property with parental consent. Many important life decisions can be made at the age of 18, therefore drinking is no different from the rest of those decisions. Introducing alcohol at an age younger than 21 gives teens the opportunity to learn moderation from their parents and other adults. So is keeping the minimum drinking age at 21 protecting young adults, or is it driving them to binge drinking in unsafe environments without supervision? The law against drinking under the age of 21 gives no chance of exposure for younger kids.Children are taught in school to stay as far away from alcohol as possible. This, in effect, leads to a â€Å"forbidden fruit† syndrome. Drinking alcohol is made out to be a taboo instead of being portrayed as an enjoyable, social activity. The problem with having the legal drinking age so high is that during the time leading up to that age, people are not given proper education on alcohol. Instead of learning how to drink in moderation and in safe environments, the education received on it is often a negative one that aims towards prohibition rather than safe drinking. Young adolescents emerging into adulthood go out and drink with their friends regardless of the law. There is no supervision or guidance, and the lack of education of it can lead to binge drinking and addiction. Today, the U.S. is one of the few developed countries that enforce a minimum drinking age of 21. Many countries in Europe such as Denmark, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland allow their youth to consume alcohol in public places at the age of 16 or 17. Keeping the minimum drinking age at 21 is not effective in stopping people under the age of 21 from consuming it. It is only driving the consummation further and further underground. Our federal government is overextending its reach into state affairs by withholding ten percent of funding for highways for any state that doesn’t keep the minimum drinking age at 21. This results in many states leaving the age at 21 as to avoid being exempt from receiving billions of dollars from the government for their highways. Is it right for the government to withhold the benefits entitled to these states to force their own opinion in laws that should be under state authority? The federal government is overstepping its bounds in this situation. On the other hand, the legal age of adulthood is 18, but is it adulthood? Adulthood is defined by three things: taking responsibility, making independent decisions, and becoming financially independent. If a young adult is displaying all these qualities, shouldn’t he be granted all the rights and privileges of being an adult? Lowering the drinking age would decrease alcohol-related injuries because young people would no longer be hesitant to seek medical attention due to the illegality of their consummation. Many unnecessary deaths occur every year because 18-20 year olds are too afraid of the consequences of getting caught with possession of alcohol rather than to assure the well-being of their peers. So this sparks the question, are emerging adults mature enough to handle the allowance of alcohol consumption? Will they make the right choices? Decreasing the legal drinking age could result in more vehicle accidents related to driving under the influence. But giving a legal adult the freedom to drink may also give them the power to make more mature decisions. At the age of 18, one is able to get married, vote, serve in the U.S. military, and is legally considered an adult. If one is old enough to take part in deciding who the next president of the United States of America will be, sign legal documents, purchase a home, then a mature decision to drink is a definite capability. When a boy turns 18, he is considered a man in the eyes of his father, his family, and even the law, yet he is still considered too immature and too much of a safety hazard to consume alcohol. How can this be justified? If a man can die for his country at the age of 18, can he not drink a beer? Young adults are restricted and told not to drink until they are old enough. Who gets to say how old is old enough? Children and young adults are offered little to no exposure to alcohol. Education on alcohol consumption is aimed towards prohibition rather than safe drinking. At the age of 18, a person is considered an adult and is granted all the rights and privileges of adulthood except for consuming alcohol. The federal government indirectly keeps states from lowering the age to 18. Lowering the age would decrease under-age drinking accidents and fatalities. The law keeping the age of alcohol consumption at 21 is doing more harm to society rather than letting society benefit from this law. The legal age for alcohol consumption should be the same age as the legal age of adulthood.

Term Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Term Project - Research Paper Example Authentic leadership is â€Å"a pattern of transparent and ethical leader behavior that encourages openness in sharing information needed to make decisions while accepting followers’ inputs† (Avolio, Walumbwa, & Weber, 2009, p. 423). On the other hand, transformational leadership consists of â€Å"leader behaviors that transform and inspire followers to perform beyond expectations while transcending self-interest for the good of the organization† (Avolio, Walumbwa, & Weber, 2009, p. 423). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the most prevalent theories on motivation (Fisher, 2009). This theory suggests that people are motivated by five level of needs, which are physiological, security, social, ego, and self-actualization (Ibid.). As such, workers are motivated by the needs that math the level that they are currently at. Consequently, leaders must be able to identify the level that workers of their department are working at in order to offer specific oppor tunities fitting the identified level (Ibid). The different leadership styles are thus seen to be an important consideration in motivating employees and consequently improving organizational performance. If a relationship between these variables is found, organizations may set up the proper methods to encourage higher level management to enforce a particular leadership strategy and thereby improve the productivity of their respective organizations. This study aims to find if this relationship indeed exists, that is, if leadership styles contribute significantly to employee motivation, and translate this motivation to organizational productivity. This research study aims to answer the following research questions: R1: Is there a relationship between leadership style and motivation? R2: If such a relationship exists, which relationship style motivates employees the most? R3: Is there a relationship between leadership style and organizational productivity? R4: If such a relationship ex ists, which relationship style leads to the highest organizational productivity? With these research questions in mind, the following research hypotheses will be tested for significance: Ho1: There is no relationship between leadership style and motivation. Ha1: There is a significant relationship between leadership style and motivation Ho2: There is no relationship between leadership style and organizational productivity. Ha2: There is a significant relationship between leadership style and organizational productivity. Methods The research study will use a quantitative survey design, as it aims to find if there is a relationship between leadership style, motivation and organizational productivity. A quantitative research study is one wherein the variables used are quantifiable or measurable, and relationships among variables can be found through the use of appropriate mathematical and statistical tools (Creswell, 2003). A survey design for quantitative research uses a set of struct ured questions in order to derive the required information (Agresti & Finlay, 2009). A pre-piloted questionnaire will be given to the respondents in order to identify the leadership style of their superior, the level of motivation that they have at work, and their level of organizational productivity. The respondents will be taken from a list of employees of Ford Company. Stratified random sampling will be used in order to ident

Why Youth Unemployment Is a Particularly Serious Issue for Many Essay

Why Youth Unemployment Is a Particularly Serious Issue for Many Countries of the World - Essay Example The paper tells that youth in different countries in the world experience acute problems because of the experiences of unemployment with many of them lacking opportunities regardless of the fact that they have the capacity to work. This issue continues to trouble many countries regardless of the efforts they have put in place to alleviate the problems and establish youths in productive states that ensure they are productive in the economy. One of the countries that have experienced this kind of problem is Brazil in which many youths are jobless regardless of the steps they have taken towards ending the problem. The problem has perpetuated increase in the rate of poverty in the country with those people who have no jobs staying inactive and depending on the other people who are working. This has increased poverty levels because people have not been productive in the economy and have depended on the productivity of a few people in the society. In the economy, youth unemployment has con tributed to future constraints that come from the issues of little earning of the youths who never get jobs in their youthful age. This means that people in the economy have ended up producing little amounts of money that may not be able to facilitate capacity building in other people who rely on them. For example, when people get little income in the advanced age, they end up not offering quality education to their dependents who need the support to advance their lives. This means that unemployment becomes a series of complications that lead to low-quality chances of building capacity in other people. At the end of everything, the economy will have very many people who cannot exploit their potential fully for the benefit of their country or for their own. This means that the rate of growth of the economy will reduce and will be low for the country whose youth do not participate in productive activities in their country. The problem of the unemployment in the youth do not face peopl e in one generation only but it extends to the following generations that cause them to affect the economy negatively. Unemployed youth have resulted in violent ways to get the things they need for their economic sustainability in different places. Some youths have involved themselves in different illegal activities that have led to the destabilization of their countries because, in their idleness and unproductiveness in the economy, they engage in activity to acquire forcibly the things that belong to other people. The lack of jobs causes the youth to get involved in different illegal activities, which may risk their lives and those of others in their environment. Those people who do not get formal opportunities get some others in informal sectors, which require them to work for long hours at very low wages, and in the hazardous environment where they do fit. This pushes some of them to get involved in illegal activities like robbery, drug trafficking and other forms of crimes that assure them fast and high returns for the effort they put in an activity. This implies that these youths do not only turn to be a risk to the other people but also are a threat to the stability the of systems of the economy that promote development and therefore, become causes of underdevelopment in the country of their residence.

Business and international bribery Research Paper

Business and international bribery - Research Paper Example An example of a business that was subjected to a legal prosecution is Weatherford International Ltd. From 2004 to 2011, as a multinational organization, Weatherford International Ltd indulged with internal controls violations. Though Weatherford International Ltd operated in Angola and Iraq, court documents did not make specifications on the country wherein the vice took place. Weatherford International Ltd. Among many things did not: institute effective internal accounting controls; have a committed compliance officer; conduct anti-corruption training; and create a system for investigating ethics violations reports. Weatherford International Ltd. Employees also bribed a foreign official to see a renewal of a contract go through. In the case, U.S. v. Weatherford International Ltd., Weatherford International Ltd. was made to pay a penalty of USD 87,178,256. The case gave rise to the case law U.S. v. Weatherford International Ltd., No. 13-cr-733 (S.D. Tex. 2013) (Baughn, 19 & Pacini, 5 45). According to Lane and Simpson, There are indicators that attest to the adding power of the FCPA Act and the legal proscription of bribery by US multinationals. One of the values that the FCPA Act brings is its ability to rein in corruption and to protect meritocratic capitalism. The crux of the matter herein is that corruption [which bribery is a form of] undermines meritocratic capitalism by un-evening the playing field; subverting proper and legitimate functions of institutions; and encouraging or furthering the misallocation of economic resources. Again, according to the World Bank, corruption slows down the rate of an affected country by 0.5% to 1% annually and increases a marginal tax rate and clumps positive effects on inward investment (Lane and Simpson, 40). An example of an organization that has found corporate bribery in foreign land expediency is Siemens. In 2008, Siemens had to pay 1.6 billion USD as legal settlement to European and American

Management Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 6

Management Portfolio - Essay Example Site work shall involve grading, drainage, and other on-site utilities that are necessary for the operation of the service facility. The project location consists of 100 acres of land. The scope of the project includes engineering, procurement, and construction for the site-work and two initial buildings. A soil investigation, legal boundary survey, and contour mapping is already provided by the owner, thus the present project contract will no longer cover these activities. Special procurement will include an overhead crane for the industrial building and an elevator conveying system for the administrative office building. The maintenance (or industrial) building shall have a 40-foot clear ceiling height, with a 20-ton overhead crane. The owner anticipates that 45 employees shall be using the building during the day shift and plans to expand work to include a night shift at some future time. A small office area and a shop with machining equipment will be located in the industrial building. A wash-down area is to be provided for washing and servicing of truck vehicles (Oberlender 2000, p. 329). Project management aims to execute, in the most effective and cost-efficient manner possible, the design and construction of civil works to the satisfaction of the customer. However, execution should not be undertaken at the expense of the health and safety of construction workers and the public, nor to the degradation of the environment. Thrusts towards green architecture and green engineering have brought to the forefront concerns on health, safety, and sustainability. However, while traditionally thought of as a secondary appendage to construction plans, measures to ensure health and safety have in effect contributed to the reduction of the financial costs of projects. Steps taken to prevent accidents and avoid community hazards and nuisance have effectively created savings to the firm in

Ship Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ship Construction - Essay Example Pounding stress can be reduced by reinforcing the hull plating at the bow end of the ship to prevent the plate from bending. Likewise, panting pressure can be countered through reinforcement of the framing at the ship’s end to avoid irregular movement of the hull plating. (Okumoto et. al, 2009) A ship is basically a supported beam that is subjected to waves. This leads to external stresses i.e. sagging and hogging. Hogging occurs when a substantial portion of the center of the vessel is supported by the buoyant force of a wave with the rest of the vessel unsupported. This produces a tensile stress in the deck and also other compressive forces at the bottom of the hull. Likewise, sagging happens the center of the vessel is relatively unsupported with the either ends supported by a wave. The figure below shows the boom structure cut a way of the stress distribution in the hull through the hierarchy of structure and the direction of the stresses. (Derrett & Barrass, 2006) The bending stresses are zero at one location i.e. the neutral axis. Also, the reaction forces are equal at both ends with no rotation. The bending stresses are positive in one flange and negative in the other in the middle of the span. Lastly, the shear stresses are highest in the middle of the span. (Derrett & Barrass, 2006) The main parts of a double bottom include plating, bilge plating, floors, intercostal girders, bilges, brackets, longitudinals, pillars and angle clips. The double bottom mainly extends from the tank top to the flat keel and is watertight so as to keep the ship afloat in case of accidents. The intercostal girders combine with beams to form the deck’s longitudinal framing together with the longitudinals. Brackets are used to connect any two members of the double bottom while bilge plating is a longitudinal plating that is used to connect the bottom plating with the side shell plating. Pillars constitute vertical members that are used to connect the double

Money,Banking&Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Money,Banking&Finance - Essay Example The present prices of the bonds would help in the determination of the market rate of interest, or the price that would be paid for the use of the money for a period of time. There exists a functional relationship between the rate of interest and the time of the bonds. The term structure of interest rates or the yield curve shows the relationship between the rate of interest and the yields of the bonds with the terms to maturities. The curve is a representation of the various opportunities that may exist for the arbitrage as well as the expectation of the markets about the interest rates that may prevail in future. Interest Rates While carrying out the analysis of the yield curve it is essential to know the components of the nominal interest rates. This equation shows that the real rate of interest represented by r is the main component of the rate of interest. On the other hand, sigma is the risk premium that is being added to the rate of interest which is open to fluctuations due t o various events. On the other hand, ? is the representative of the rate of inflation while l is the component that would capture the liquidity. The various financial markets would offer bonds and other long term instruments that would be offering a variety of interest or the rates of return (Kettell, 2001, pp. 19-26). The premium is the representation of the consumer behaviour that would depict that the consumers would be unwilling to hold that particular asset class. The following diagram shows the break-up of the various components of the rates of interest. The loans that are provided for the long term cost higher because the premium for liquidity would increase with the increase in the tenure of the bonds. The people would always want to hold liquidity at the present period of time rather than a later period. The opportunity cost of keeping the money in the hand would be less in the present period as compared to the future period. Yield Curve The yield curve is drawn from the yi eld to maturity of the bonds. The yield to maturity (YTM) is considered to be the approximate value of the rate of interest for a particular term to maturity of a bond. The various points of the terms to maturity and the corresponding yields to maturity are plotted on a plane and the curve that is fitted along these points is known as the yield curve. The following diagram is an example of a yield curve. In the plane the vertical axis measures the yield of the bonds and the horizontal axis measures the term to maturity of the bond. Figure 1: Yield curve The yield curve thus summarises yield of the different bonds that are being traded on a particular date. The yields or the different tenors in such cases may be different. The yield of a bond is the unique rate at which the cash flows that is provided by a bond is discounted. Thus even though the accrual of the cash flows are taking place at the different points in time the rate at which it is taking place is the same (Rossi, 2007, p p. 225-241). This rate is known as the yield to maturity of the bonds. In most cases the interest rates are considered to be fixed for the entire tenor. This would give rise to a flat yield curve as shown in the diagram below. Throughout the tenure of the bond the rate of interest that has been offered in case of this yield curve is 3.5%. Figure 2: Flat Yield Curve The